Archive for category Engineering and Industry

IGBT

Posted by SEO SERVICES in Engineering and Industry on September 9th, 2011

IGBT

The Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) is a minority-carrier device with high input impedance and large bipolar current-carrying capability. Many designers view The Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor as a device with MOS input characteristics and bipolar output characteristic that is a voltage-controlled bipolar device. To make use of the advantages of both Power MOSFET and BJT, the The Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor has been introduced. It’s a functional integration of Power MOSFET and BJT devices in monolithic form. It combines the best attributes of both to achieve optimal device characteristics.

Applications:

The The Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor is suitable for many applications in power electronics, especially in Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) servo and three-phase drives requiring high dynamic range control and low noise. It also can be used in Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS), Switched-Mode Power Supplies (SMPS), and other power circuits requiring high switch repetition rates. The Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor improves dynamic performance and efficiency and reduced the level of audible noise. It is equally suitable in resonant-mode converter circuits. Optimized The Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor is available for both low conduction loss and low switching loss.

Advantages:

The main advantages of The Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor over a Power MOSFET and a BJT are:

1. It has a very low on-state voltage drop due to conductivity modulation and has superior on-state current density. So smaller chip size is possible and the cost can be reduced.

2. Low driving power and a simple drive circuit due to the input MOS gate structure. It canbe easily controlled as compared to current controlled devices (thyristor, BJT) in high voltage and high current applications.

3. Wide SOA. It has superior current conduction capability compared with the bipolar transistor. It also has excellent forward and reverse blocking capabilities.

Disadvantages:

The main drawbacks are:

1. Switching speed is inferior to that of a Power MOSFET and superior to that of a BJT. The collector current tailing due to the minority carrier causes the turnoff speed to be slow.

2. There is a possibility of latchup due to the internal PNPN thyristor structure. The The Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor is suitable for scaling up the blocking voltage capability. In case of Power MOSFET, the on-resistance increases sharply with the breakdown voltage due to an increase in the resistively and thickness of the drift region required to support the high operating voltage. For this reason, the development of high current Power MOSFET with high-blocking voltage rating is normally avoided. In contrast, for the IGBT, the drift region resistance is drastically reduced by the high concentration of injected minority carriers during on-state current conduction. The forward drop from the drift region becomes dependent upon its thickness and independent of its original resistivity.

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Why Taps And Dies Are Incredibly Important To The Engineering Industry

Posted by SEO SERVICES in Engineering and Industry on September 2nd, 2011

If you have ever worked in a manufacturing setting, then you fully understand just how versatile and fundamental taps and dies can be to any operation. These elements are required to cut many different types of metal in ways that form the products we use and buy on a day to day basis. These taps and dies come in many standard shapes and versions that have been predetermined by the engineering community as those which are the most commonly used and most suitable for a wide range of jobs. However, that does not mean that there are no other taps and dies out there which do not form to these criteria. In reality, there are a wide range of taps that are made up of unique threads and sizes that are referred to as special taps.

Special taps are among the keystones of engineering at this time. While standard tap and die sets will always be in wide use, it is the special taps which grant engineers the ability to create unique threading mills and other tooling equipment to create innovative products. Whenever a special tap is formed, engineers must consider several factors, including which material they want their special tap to be manufactured from. Many engineers are huge supporters of carbide taps because they are so durable and strong and can be utilized in almost any application. Carbide taps are often specifically made to handle very tough materials and metals, which makes them the most popular selection for heavy duty operations. Still there are other materials from which special taps and dies may be manufactured, including steel, titanium or even plastic.

When it comes to building the special taps for unique thread mills, engineers must also consider the specific outcomes set forth by their client. For example, if a cut needs to have a certain shape and grooved texture, the special tap must be designed in a way which provides those features on the product. There are also numerous clients out there who call upon engineers to find ways to cut their expenditures when it comes to manufacturing, and producing special taps can be one of many ways in which to achieve this goal. For example, engineers can produce special combined drill and tap sets which perform both the drilling and tapping operations in one quick motion. This will likely increase the pace at which products are produced while also lowering the required time for each production run. By combining this drill and tap with the distinctive specifications of the client, engineers are able to provide a clever answer to budget related problems while also delivering a special tap that is uniquely designed to suit the product that the client wants to create.

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3D CAD Modelling – Representing Your Ideas Professionally With CAD Engineering Services

Posted by SEO SERVICES in Engineering and Industry on August 24th, 2011

So you have your brilliant idea for the next best thing having spent weeks, months or even years on idea generation. Following this you decide to look into manufacturing your product only to realise your idea is drawn on the back of a napkin with no true dimensions or representation. You might even be confused about your own idea but how can you tell or present your idea to someone else? One way is to use professional 3D CAD modellers.

CAD Engineers work with computer-aided design (CAD Engineering) software will be turn your idea into something worthy of presenting to friends, investors or customer focus groups. As the inventor, you will want to meet your CAD modelling agency in order to describe your idea. You can of course use non-disclosure agreements (NDAs) to protect your idea from being stolen and these are often actively encouraged by agencies and other inventors having gone through the process.

There are many ways that 3D CAD engineering software can convert your ideas into fully-fledged 3D representations, bringing it to into reality. If you have your ideas sketched on paper or they are locked in your head, they will need to be described accurately enough to allow a 3D form to be created. If you happen to have a physical prototype, these can potentially be scanned in using a 3D scanner in order to make a template mesh of the physical form. This can provide a starting point from which a 3D CAD model can be produced.

There are two main types of 3D modelling techniques and these are known as surface modelling and solid modelling. The first is considered appropriate for complex shapes that exhibit smooth curves and geometry, whereas solid modelling is best for simplistic shapes. Each 3D CAD artist has their own way and some choose[spin] to use a hybrid of these two CAD modelling [spin]methods. Some base their chosen techniques on the actual form the product takes and others stick to a method they are most comfortable with.

3D models generally start off with a sketch on a 2D plane. These are then built up and any details are made to make an accurate, realistic depiction of the product idea. Specific tools to help produce the main geometry and smaller detailing tasks exist and takes practise in order to apply them appropriately and efficiently.

Once a 3D model is produced, CAD engineering software also has the ability to make animated presentations, in which the model can be made to move and react in a digital world, representing real-world usage. Furthermore, photo-realistic images can be rendered showing the product in a real-life setting. These have obvious benefits and further adds value and weight to your new product invention. With a polished set of images and presentations at your disposal, you are more likely to convince others in your product ideas and secure investment to bring it to market.

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What Is CAD Engineering And Why Do Specialists Use It?

Posted by SEO SERVICES in Engineering and Industry on August 24th, 2011

What is CAD?

CAD is an acronym for Computer-Aided Design and started in the early 80’s. It refers to the use of computer engineering software packages (CAD Engineering) and often used during the product design and development stages of engineering. Some familiar CAD software goes by the name of SolidWorks, CATIA, NX and AutoCAD. It is possible to make technical drawings for parts and assemblies as well as complete 3D objects in the digital domain. This has obvious benefits including being able to realistically model and view new product ideas, providing the added benefit of being able to analyse attributes such as aesthetic appeal.

Modern CAD Engineering software and systems allow for material application, tolerancing and more time-saving and efficiency functions. The specialist CAD Engineering software is operated by design engineers (or CAD Engineers) and are sometimes referred to as CAD draughtsman. Some are called ‘CAD jockeys’ in a bid to identify those that do ‘CAD-only’ and mostly failing to appreciate manufacturing methods for example, when considering a new design. It is most often the case that these engineers had some form of formal training and many computer-aided design courses exist in the UK and worldwide. Short courses and over-the-internet training courses are quickly becoming popular and are most likely offered by CAD Engineering software re-sellers.

CAD engineering has proven to shorten design cycle times and has meant new products can come to market quicker than ever before. Modern CAD packages are now sporting features such as built-in simulated testing so designs can be tested directly within the specialist software. This has the benefit of reducing design cycle time further and also checking designs to reduce design iterations. CAD software also has interfaced with computer numerical control (CNC) and rapid prototyping systems, which have meant digital models can be ‘printed’ or prototyped within hours.

There are other features of CAD such as Photo-realistic Rendering and Fluid Analysis which add even more value to such specialist software. The software can generate stunning imagery but often the quality of the images are based on computer hardware spec. In particular a good graphics card, CPU and memory specification can make all the difference to quality as well as the time taken to process such high-quality images.

Many people inside and outside of industry fail to acknowledge just how important CAD is. However the opposite is also true and some professionals rely on CAD too much, believing it can replace experimental testing and studies. CAD software should be used as a tool to aid in the design and development process and nothing more than that. CAD engineering has made a world of difference to designers and engineers alike and is set to continue this trait as we move forward.

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Engineering Technology In The Fluid Control Industry

Posted by SEO SERVICES in Engineering and Industry on August 10th, 2011

Within the fluid control industry, pump products are the things that make success attainable. Without these many different styles of pumps, a number of the systems on which we depend in modern society either would not exist or would be severely limited. Take, by way of example, modern plumbing systems, water filtration systems or even your own car or truck. Things as common as these need the use of various kinds of fluid control products, such as air operated diaphragm pumps, positive displacement pumps, drum pumps, mag drive pumps and rotary gear pumps. Though these items might sound unfamiliar to a lot of people, they are part of the systems that we depend upon day in and day out to make our society easier to live in and easier to be a part of.

So what do engineers have to do with all of this? In actual fact, engineers have played a significant role when it comes to the evolution of fluid control pumps and other instruments used in the industry. Engineers have been responsible for many of the breakthroughs made with high pressure pumps and metering pumps. They know when it is much better to use an air operated pump over a positive displacement pump, and they acknowledge when a high pressure pump simply is not necessary for the job at hand. By checking out new pump configurations and designs, they have constructed many of the systems and products on which we rely daily so much faster and more efficient. Engineers are able to use these different kinds of pump technology to their advantage in order to make more successful and efficient fluid control systems, including everything from a simple fish tank filtration tank to a motor vehicle transmission to a city wide plumbing system. Without engineers to develop and build these systems and products using the best pump technology, whether it is an air operated diaphragm pump, a mag drive pump, a rotary gear pump or a metering pump, we would not have the spectacular fluid control management systems that we have today.

When it comes to making use of fluid control pumps in their work, engineers need to know a lot more than what style of pump to incorporate in their projects. It is also vital for these engineers to know a lot about the pump suppliers themselves. The fact is, getting pumps from a reputable company or brand can make or break the fluid control systems which these engineers are working on. Engineers often times have specific suppliers for different varieties of pumps, like one for positive displacement pumps, one for metering pumps, etc. However, getting one supplier for all forms of pumps is another possibility, although it does call for some heavy research in the field. In either case, they must rely on the success of these products to show that their work is great.

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World Wide Competition In The Die And Tooling Manufacturing Sector

Posted by SEO SERVICES in Engineering and Industry on July 26th, 2011

In today’s competitive markets many Manufactured goods are being outsourced to cheaper foreign competitors. This probably isn’t news to anyone who hasn’t been living under a rock, but the implications of it are still rippling through the older, more established manufacturing economies. One question still lingering is how much of the manufacturing base of the United States will be lost before the high water mark is hit. Another question is whether the jobs and business lost will ever return. Yet some companies like manufacturers of carbide dies and extrusion dies will still be required nationally.

There was a time when the American was the new kid on the block taking over manufacturing from European countries. Making comparisons between the present day and manufacturing one hundred years ago is like comparing apples computers to oranges, but it does show that the United States can go one of two ways. The United States can survive as a major player in manufacturing or be marginalized, producing only specialty items. Germany for example has done very well, while other manufacturing countries have fared much, much worse.

No matter how much industrial sector is outsourced to Asain countries some manufacturing will remain in the US. There will always be a need for tool and die shops. Many of these tool and die shops are what would be called “mom and pop” operations. They do tooling work that is necessary to keep all the machines of society operating on an ad hock bases. What will become of tool and die manufactures that make parts for the general markets though? The answer to this question remains to be seen but some trends are emerging. The massive populations and low wages of India and China have already swamped many of these businesses, driving them out of the market and forcing them to close their doors. Since the start of the economic slowdown in 2008 many companies have become casualties of the slowdown throughout manufacturing and the cheaper foreign companies have taken their place. This has revealed one fact of manufacturing that people knowledgeable about industry have always know, cheaper doesn’t mean that it will cost less.
Cheaper foreign manufactured products tend to be of a lower quality and this incurs many hidden costs to those that use them. The cost of replacing parts that wear out quicker, the cost of idle machines and workers as foreign dies and tooling are replaced and hassle associated with defective parts all have real and very significant costs in the long run. The manufactures in the United States that survive the recession may actually find themselves in a strong place to compete as companies realize that the foreign products simply don’t measure up.

In order to receive the best quality of work possible many US companies have discovered that keeping their tool and die and other Manufacturing needs in the American is the wisest choice. It allows them to work more closely with the company, reduces shipping times and perhaps most importantly saves money in the long run. An added benefit that shouldn’t be overlooked is that when American companies buy American goods it supports the American recovery and keeps desperately needed jobs within its borders.

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An Introduction To Machinery Used In The Manufacturing Industry

Posted by SEO SERVICES in Engineering and Industry on July 17th, 2011

There are a wide variety of machines that are used in the manufacturing industry these days. Over the years, the kinds of machines used in this industry have become increasingly complex and high tech in order to keep up with the demands of consumers. The differing sorts of machinery utilized in this field can vary widely from things like precision grinders and internal grinders to taps and dies to press rollers. All of these machines are each useful in their own way since they each serve an important purpose in the machining process. It’s useful to take a closer look at some of these machines to really understand what role they play and how they can best be utilized to create new and innovative products in an ever changing and competitive environment.

When it comes to grinders, there are a huge array of different products to choose from. Products like ID grinders, internal grinding machines or centerless grinders are often some of the most popular kinds of grinders because they can be used for a very diverse group of products. The sorts of grinders which are popular are typically used so often because they can come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes to accommodate different types of projects. Meanwhile, some kinds of grinders are not used as often because they are used for very specific purposes. For instance, precision grinding machines are more commonly used for very small products with intricate details, meaning that they are only useful for certain types of products. However, even though they aren’t something that can be applied to just about any kind of product doesn’t mean that things like precision grinders are not important. On the contrary, precision grinding machines are just as necessary as more common grinders like centerless grinders, internal grinders and ID grinders because they each serve a very vital and useful service in the machining process.

There are various other machines which you might encounter in a standard manufacturing facility, including things like taps, dies, bearings, rollers and presses. There are also very high tech robotic instruments that are used for things like laser cutting and welding. These sorts of advancements are vital because they increase the accuracy and efficiency in the workplace while also helping to keep employees out of harm’s way while performing very intricate yet dangerous jobs. These sorts of improvements have been very successful in lowering the number of work related injuries in manufacturing settings, which has in turn made these types of facilities much better places to work and much more reliable when it comes to safe practices, giving workers piece of mind when it comes to performing these jobs which were formerly very dangerous.

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The Different Tools Utilized By Manufacturers To Build Custom Products

Posted by SEO SERVICES in Engineering and Industry on July 15th, 2011

There are a vast number of reasons that manufacturers receive orders for custom products on a daily basis. The orders could range widely from the need for an oddly sized auto part to a small piece of equipment needed to make a stereo work properly. As more and more new products are ordered, these manufacturers need to call upon their vast inventory of manufacturing tools and resources in order to make these products become a reality. From acme taps to carbide tools to carbide taps and beyond, there are a wide variety of tools that these manufacturers might utilize when trying to turn blueprints into tangible, marketable products.

The reason that so many various tools, such as special taps, carbide taps and acme taps are needed to make these products in a manufacturing facility is because each one serves a different purpose. For instance, special taps like carbide taps and acme taps are great for making cut outs and holes in products wherever they might need to be. Meanwhile, manufacturers pull out their threading tools like thread mills and threading dies to make sure that each and every product has any necessary grooves or sockets and that those sockets are properly executed. Sometimes other tools like saws, grinders or coating applicators are also required in order to add the finishing touches on these products as well. Whatever the tools requested for the job, it’s important that the company requested these custom products finds a manufacturer with all the necessary tools in their inventory that will make sure that the product is made accurately and efficiently.

For very rare custom projects, however, it’s important for engineers to recognize when most manufacturers will not have the tools or machines needed to make that product in their inventory. In these cases, new manufacturing tools might have to be created just so that the product itself can be made. Generally, these new items are based on existing tools and machines, with a series of tweaks and alterations added in order to make it more suited to the project at hand. For example, a threading tool like a threading die can be slightly enlarged or be formed into an unusual shape in order to fit the requirements of the project. Likewise, a carbide tap or acme tap can be slightly changed in size, shape and weight as needed for the product that the company placing the order has in mind. This is a terrific way for manufacturers to not only expand their repetoire of tools, resources and equipment but also a great opportunity to show their clients how flexible and accommodating they can be when it comes to creating customized products for them.

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Various Sorts Of Pumps Needed For Liquid Control

Posted by SEO SERVICES in Engineering and Industry on July 9th, 2011

The majority of people take for granted all of the challenging work that is put into the responsibility of controlling, dispersing and manipulating liquid flow from one area to another. These are the types of things which usually go unseen by individuals in their everyday lives, meaning that they don’t have to think about how these goals are achieved. However, the talented individuals who work in the field of liquid control systems know exactly how challenging it can be to obtain the various pressures or manipulations needed in order to keep these systems running appropriately. Between all of the various complicated parts needed, such as air operated diaphragm pumps, positive displacement pumps, diaphragm pumps, drum pumps, high pressure pumps, mag drive pumps, metering pumps, rotary gear pumps and submersible pumps, there are so many different factors involved that it usually takes an expert in order to fix any problems.

In addition to repair employees and other liquid control professionals, there are also many engineers who have to work with these air diaphragm pumps and positive displacement pumps on a daily basis. These engineers get to know the ins and outs of the products very well, and they rely on the assistance of liquid control parts suppliers in order to get the task done correctly. When these engineers have found liquid control parts suppliers who not only focus in this particular industry but also have a wide range of products to offer, they tend to make a lasting relationship with the supplier that leads to years of profits and success. Having every type of pump, including drum pumps, high pressure pumps, mag drive pumps, metering pumps, diaphragm pumps, rotary gear pumps or submersible pumps, is undeniably critical to the engineers as it means that the supplier will be able to help them out with any project that comes up.

In addition to being able to provide these many different sorts of pumps, particularly positive displacement pumps and air operated diaphragm pumps, it’s important that the liquid control parts supplier also provides repairs on the parts that they offer. This is a major benefit for the engineers and liquid control professionals who work with these parts on a daily basis because it means that they know they can trust in the supplier to follow up on all of their products. Usually, this leads to products that are of a higher quality than those offered by other suppliers, whether they are a drum pump, a high pressure pump, a mag drive pump, metering pump, diaphragm pump, rotary gear pumps or submersible pumps. All of these products need the appropriate attention and repair at certain times and having a supplier available for this work is important for success.

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The Impact Of CNC Lathes On Modern Life

Posted by SEO SERVICES in Engineering and Industry on July 1st, 2011

Introduction

A computer that reads machine code instructions in order to control a machine tool is known as a Computer Numerical Controller. Computer Numerically Controlled, (CNC), Machine tools are usually used for machining raw material stocks into finished designs by executing a sequence of these instructions. CNC Lathes are the most widely known application of this kind of engineering science. They rotate a block of material so it can be cut, sanded, drilled or polished, with the result being a finished three-dimensional item. In simple terms, CNC lathes are simply the same as a conventional turret lathe, but running under computer control.

History

Electric motors started to become generally available in the early 20th century, and this inevitably led to many conventional lathes being converted to electric power. This was the first phase in automating the milling or turning process, It continued rapidly through the 20th century as producers and industrialists increasingly sought to improve efficiency and reduce production costs.

Constituent Parts / Components

Today’s CNC lathes combine a computer with a lathe machine and a controller to convert each digital program instruction into the desired action at the cutting tip. Before this the instructions have to be written using specialist software to encode the required actions. The piece of raw material is then fixed into the machine’s chuck and spun at the required speed so that the programmed action can be carried out. The computer then controls the lathe through the cutting action until the finished product is produced. The latest lathes can have up to four spindles to perform multiple jobs simultaneously, which reduces production time and improves productivity accordingly.

CNC lathes are typically equipped with three jaw hydraulic chucks. Holding of the raw material to be transformed is usually done with hard jaws or bored soft jaws. Lathes may also have a collet chuck. This allows for variable size and precision holding without the need for soft jaw boring. When equipping a lathe with a collet chuck, it may be necessary to modify or change the draw bar connecting the actuator to the chuck.

Tool pieces are usually made of hard alloys such as titanium carbide and tungsten carbide, and may vary depending on the material that needs to be processed. The tool bits are utilized until the tolerance levels are maintained after which they are either sharpened where possible, or replaced with a new bit.

Despite their precision, CNC lathes generally require a good operator to oversee the mechanised process. In the past this would have required one or two operators for the actual physical work, so there is still a saving in both time and manpower. Development of the programming code is one cost that was not previously needed, but this is an up front cost which is recouped in the efficiecies of producing multiple items on the lathe.

Programming a CNC lathe firstly requires a blueprint of the item to be created. After the blueprint is analysed, the programming of the cutting tools required for making each part can then be started. Every move in three dimensions is programmed, in extremely fine detail. Great care is obviously required at this stage to ensure that no mistakes are made, as errors in live production could be very costly.

Practical Applications of CNC Lathes

CNC lathes were primarily designed for cutting hard materials spinning at high speed. They are also used to drill precise holes, including exactly centered holes usually in blocks of metal. The material does not have to be metal, as other materials such as wood and plastics can also be processed quickly and effectively by a CNC lathe. They are commonly used in light, medium and heavy engineering shops for creating many of the objects we see in everyday use. Manual lathes are still used by smaller scale craftsmen, where mass production is not an issue, and where the craftsman’s skill is a key part of the production process.

Advantages / Benefits

CNC Lathes have rapidly replaced the older manual lathes due to their ease of programming and operation. They provide a more rapid turn-round time for complex one-off parts and ensure consistency in quality control and design tolerances. They are very much leading edge technology in engineering circles and embody the latest processes and design principles. Three of the key benefits are reduced production time, reduced inventory and reduced set up times. With the continuing rise in demand for engineered parts, CNC lathes ultimately give higher production volumes, with greater precision and fewer errors.

Summary

CNC lathes are a perfect example of man’s technological achievements bringing real benefits to the general population. Goods today can be produced faster, more accurately and at a cheaper cost than previously due to their extensive use.

Bio:
Phil Marston is the editor of www.lathes-cnc.com. Please feel free to contact him for more info.

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