Archive for category Engineering and Industry

Your First Reference On Cold Rolling Metals Like Steel And Copper

Posted by SEO SERVICES in Engineering and Industry on July 30th, 2010

The cold rolling process is one of engineering’s more interesting accomplishments - a way to literally change the very properties of metal so as to better accommodate the types of structures we can build. This applies to buildings, to bridges, to air and marine infrastructure and other metal-based structures.

Cold rolling changes the properties of metal in three ways:

- It reduces the size and thickness of a metal.
- It increases the strength of the metal, for better weight-bearing capability.
- It makes the metal harder.
- It makes the metal less flexible and more prone to cracking

The process begins with a simple piece of metal, perhaps steel or copper or even aluminum or tin. This might typically be a steel bar, a steel plate or just sheet metal. Note that the sheet or bar is typically at room temperature (”cold” rolling does not imply any manoeuvre involving penguins or walruses).

The metal piece is passed through at least two rollers (why it is called “rolling”) that are calibrated for a controlled weight. The rollers’ job is to decrease the thickness of the metal sheet or bar, simultaneously increasing both its hardness and its strength. The trade -off - and there are almost always trade-offs in life - is that the cold-rolled steel or copper has less ductility than the original metal. This means the engineers have to be more careful how they use the piece, as it will be more less flexible and prone to cracking and fractures.

Interestingly, there are more than one cold rolling process. Here are four different cold rolling processes, each one serving a unique purpose:

>> Quarter Hard Cold Rolling

This is the process to use if you will want to bend or curve the metal later on. A sheet using the quarter hard process can be bent or rolled on to itself without a risk of fracturing.

>> Half Hard Cold Rolling

Metal cold rolled with the Half Hard process can be bent only to 90 degrees, which is still a faire amount.

>> Full Hard Cold Rolling

Cold rolled metal with the Full Hard process can only be bent to 45 degrees. This is the least flexible process, but is perfectly fine for most purposes.

The three cold rolling process we have just seen, Quarter Hard, Half Hard and Full Hard, can reduce the size of a piece of metal by up to 50 percent, increasing both the strength and hardness of the metal, but also reducing its ductility.

>> Skin-rolling Cold Rolling

Skin-rolling is used to reduce the thickness of a metal by just 0.5 to 1 percent. This process creates a smooth metal sheet that is significantly ductile than the other three procedures, and is preferable in a situation where there might be a fear of cracking or fracturing.

Cold rolled metal is normally made into sheet metal, foil metal, and plate metal. These pieces are typically smaller than the same (all other things being equal) metal created through hot rolling. Metal produced through cold rolling will be used in varying different types of applications, from industrial products such as steel ducts, tubes and pipes work to consumer products such as aluminum cans.

Cold rolling and hot rolling (otherwise known as induction bending) are very different creatures. In cold rolling the metal remains at room temperature; in hot rolling the metal is - you guessed it - heated to a very high temperature.

This information was provided by Paramount Roll and Forming, a leading metal pipe rolling company in southern California. They have been rolling steel pipe, tubes, beams, sheets, angles, plates and more since 1963, and obviously have done a lot of both hot and cold rolling.

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A Little Bit Of Info Regarding Aermotor Windmill Company

Posted by SEO SERVICES in Engineering and Industry on July 24th, 2010

The wind cost nothing and it will never end. These types of benefits transform it into a very desirable resource designed for producing electric power. The energy that an Aermotor wind mill produces makes water pump ” up ” from the terrain in other to use for animals , otherwise for agriculture.

The only windmill manufacturer located in the United States is considered the Aermotor Windmill Company. Its background begins in 1888 when their first windmill came out. Its debut was not pretty loved by other windmill producers, who observed their dominance over the American marked endangered. Soon after only IV years, in 1892, the Aermotor windmill turn out to be an essential need.

During the following years, Aermotor Windmills developed components for windmills, like pumps, tanks, feed cutters or anything else that lifted the corporation above foreign wind mill manufacturers.

In these days, Aermotor windmills have the largest warrantee along with the most benefit added services for maintaining their products and services. The reason for this is because they possess an important ‘network’ of independent dealers and they provide every single piece regarding their wind mills. That is good, because they do not forget regarding their item once is bought, but they moreover care about its maintenance.

Typically the Aermotor windmills perform by pumping water from the ground. This thing can be done as a result of electric power which is furnished. The throwing out wind spins the windmills’ blades and its force could be converted in to electricity. This energy constitutes a rod go up and down which extracts water from the ground. The way the wind mill reaches the water is simply by utilizing a driller to access the underground well.

There are plenty of farmers who have crops fields and animas in their ranches that consistently need big quantities of water. We can not wait and pray for the rain in order to arrive at water the crops or the animals. It isn’t necessary and useful at all. Expressly in this period of climatic change where changes to the weather occur immediately and unexpectedly. Regions that used to obtain a consistent raining season for centuries quickly find themselves without any rainwater at all.

Probably the most effective option is to set up an Aermotor windmill. So why should not every farmer in the us take advantage of the idea that the wind cost nothing? And over all, the water in the ground will be standing there waiting for us to use it. Why spend it when you can make our lives better and our planet healthier?

We all realize that we should do our best to maintain each of our earth uncontaminated and we must not waste energy or fuel in order for us and our children to survive. Aermotor wind mills are defending the environment and benefit from the alternative energy of the wind, which is endless.

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Induction Bending And Hot Rolling Metal - A Primer

Posted by SEO SERVICES in Engineering and Industry on July 18th, 2010

Let’s talk about hot rolling steel.

Although the terms “induction bending” and “hot rolling” are often used interchangeably by people on the fringe of the metal-rolling and bending business, the two are quite different processes with quite different goals.

The similarities are:

They both require heating metal hotter than you would want to touch.

The similarities pretty much end there. However, the differences are quite numerous.

Hot rolling is used primarily on steel. Induction bending can be used on any metal, whether it’s an iron alloy or a non-ferrous metal.

Hot rolling is used primarily on large tracts of steel and semi-finished casting products, such as slabs, blooms, and billets, whereas induction bending is used primarily on metal pipes, tunes and springs such as natural gas or petroleum pipelines, industrial grade springs, farming tools, culverts, etc.

Hot rolling is used primarily to flatten or to change the thickness of metal, hence the “rolling” part. Induction bending is used to bend the pipe or tube, hence the “bend” part.

Hot rolling involves heating a huge surface of metal so that it can be flattened or formed in its entirety. Induction bending involves just the specific area that needs to be bent, making it a much less energy-intense process.

Hot rolling requires rollers (obvious, I know) for the rolling process, whereas induction bending does not.

Although both processes use heat to distinguish themselves from cold rolling, there are actually more similarities between hot rolling and cold rolling than between hot rolling and induction bending.

So the processes are quite different and so are the goals. However, there can be overlap and there are times when a decision must be made between induction bending, hot rolling and cold rolling.

Here are six advantages of induction bending over hot or cold rolling, reasons why a steel tube rolling company would prefer induction bending over other methods when it is appropriate for the job:

To begin with, induction bending is more cost-effective, saving the client money in three key areas:

- Labour
- Energy
- Overhead

Labour costs are lower simply because the induction bending process is faster. It is a highly time-efficient process. It takes less time to complete, so the labour costs are less. Simple math.

Energy costs are lower simply because less heat is required. It is a highly energy-efficient process. Keep in mind that where hot rolling required heating a huge piece of metal, the heat in induction bending is laser-targeted to just the specific spots where a bend is needed. One big caveat to report - when cold rolling can be applied, it has an obvious energy-saving advatahge over any heated process, including induction bending

Overhead costs are lower simply because the induction bending. No sand filling needed. No internal mandrel. The whole equipment set-up is smaller and cheaper.

Although more cost-effective, induction bending does deliver a final product that is superior in at least three ways:

- smoother finish
- fewer imperfections
- minimal distortions

Induction bending leaves no joints to weld together. Fewer joints not only means a stronger product than if it has been hot rolled, but also a smoother finish.

Cold rolling isn’t perfect. “Wall thinning” and warping are among the imperfections that can happen, in part due to the thinner nature of the metal used. Induction bending tends to create a more even and predictable quality than cold rolling.

And induction bending created the fewest distortions in the metal, for one very obvious reason - most of the metal is not touched. Since heat is very localized and bending is equally localized, the integrity of the rest of the pipe remains intact.

It should be noted that these methods of bending and forming metal are not mutually exclusive. For instance, hot rolled steel often ends up as coiled sheet metal. This sheet metal ifs often then fed through the cold rolling steel process, where it becomes thinner sheet metal, metal foil and metal plates.

So it is not always just a choice between induction bending, hot rolling and cold rolling that needs to be made. Sometimes it is a decision of just exactly how to best combine two of the methods for the highest quality result, meeting the specifications of the client while minimizing possible weaknesses and imperfection, all the while keeping costs as low as possible. This is not a simple task.

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Applying Mechanical Grabs And Vibratory Screens In The Industry

Posted by SEO SERVICES in Engineering and Industry on July 8th, 2010

When you are working in the industry and dealing with some materials, sooner or later you will need to move or separate them. For these purposes you may use some of the means available nowadays. For example, you may always use mechanical grabs. To the best of our knowledge, it is operated by the wire ropes. Due to the number of ropes used, you may always find single rope, two-rope and four-rope operated grabs. An important role here also plays the crane that is used with the grab. Due to this selection the process of election also varies. In fact a grab consists of two telescopic elements. One of these elements is connected to a single hoist line, while the other has jaw elements which are mounted on it. In order to close or open the jaw elements automatically, one member is connected with the jaw elements by the linkage. The thing is that when the mechanical grab is lowered and raised from the ground the two telescopic members move simultaneously. In order the jaw elements would stay open each time the mechanical grab is going down, the mechanical grab has a relevant provision. At the same time it helps not to allow the jaws from closing on a released load. In addition it helps the jaws not to close until the mechanical grab is again get down. Such grab will help you to move different materials quite easily.

On the other hand if you want to separate one element from the other hardly separable element, then there is nothing better than vibratory screens. In addition it will help to sort, classify, and size them. Such screens are widely used in various industrial and manufacturing applications. Of course, nowadays they are widely presented in different designs, weights, sizes, and method of operation. These characteristics help a lot to maximize the efficiency in the specific industry. Moreover, such screens are rather useful in initial processing of materials, and in recycling and environmental clean up processes. To the best of our knowledge, the screens may be basket-shaped, curves, cylindrical, irregular or flat in shape. As a matter of fact, the size of the screens depends upon the weight and size of materials to which it will be applied. To the best of our knowledge, industries mainly use a series of screens for sorting or multi-stage processing. They are quite useful in order s to separate liquids from solid materials. Actually, the aim of such screen is just to separate one material from another, or even to separate various sizes of the same material. In this process, one or both materials may be captured.

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On Chemical Reactors And Smelting

Posted by SEO SERVICES in Engineering and Industry on July 7th, 2010

It?s not a secret that while dealing with the chemicals you must be sure that you have applied all the required measures. The main thing is where to store them. One of the best containers to be considered is called chemical reactors. As far as the issue is concerned, the number of reactors is mainly determined by the amount of the produced material. So far as is known there are small and large-scale reactors. As the result with low cost you are able to produce the product efficiently. When dealing with a manufacturer you should first find out the reactors they have, their size and amount of vessels. Moreover, the reactors allow transferring the product from one vessel to another.

It would be useful for you to find out that actually there exist two main types of reactors: tank and pipe. To the best of our knowledge, most of the reactors are mainly operated in a steady state. However for those reactors that do have changing variables, the latter should be in a transient state. If we are making a closer investigation of the models, they are presented by continuously stirred, batch, and plug flow. The first one can take one or more fluid chemicals and an impeller constantly stirs the material. Fortunately, different suppliers have these models in different sizes to fit a variety of reactions. Here the rate of flow in should be the same as the rate of flow out so the tank will not deplete or overflow the liquid. In the second type the liquid is pumped through a pipe. To the best of our knowledge, this type of reactor provides higher efficiency due to the fact that the product will be involved into the chemical reaction not in the inlet. They are called plug flow because the reaction doesn’t involve the process of mixing when the liquid is moving up or down. And the third one works on continuous batch outputs and inputs . In such type of reactor may be mixed both gases and liquids.

On the other hand if you want to get the metal such as, for example, iron from the raw material, you will need to use such chemical operation known as smelting by the means of getting oxygen and gathering the ore with a good chemical partner like carbon. Smelting uses heat and a chemical reducing agent. It is not a secret that fuel is a source of carbon. It helps to change the oxidation state of the metal ore. It would be useful for you to know that the first metal was smelted already in the ancient Middle East.

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Is Engineering Right For You?

Posted by SEO SERVICES in Engineering and Industry on July 6th, 2010

Do design and engineering talk to you? Can you see yourself designing the bridge that will bring two worlds together or engineering a network that will link up two companies a whole world apart? Every aspect of online and offline work requires an engineer of some type to assure that it all goes together smoothly.

Even if you’re someone who has no experience at all, no degree in any of the sciences you can begin from scratch to get an online engineering degree that will teach you all that you need to know to be able to accomplish wonderful and interesting work in engineering.

Engineering degrees online are literally no different at all than those you will take when learning in a traditional classroom setting. You’re going to get all of the basics that you need in each online course. Chemistry, biology, English and many other things will be a part of your engineering degree online, while other, secondary courses may be picked up at the college as well that will permit you to specialize in areas of your particular interest.

Just a few of the areas of engineering that might interest you are:

* Machinery
* Road Building
* Network Engineering
* Civil Engineering
* Oil and Gas Engineering
* Structural Engineering
* Electrical Engineering

The opportunities and the methods of engineering that you can study are limitless. You may be the person who offers us a vast new roadway or a unique method to bypass all that traffic. Yours may be the mind that devises a way to link up two companies who have been unable to connect.

While some special types of engineering will take other degrees and specialty educational requirements, chances are good that you can find those online too.

…And One of the Biggest Benefits…

What makes online engineering degree programs unique and a great way to study, is that you can be in the work force already and still have time to seek out that advanced degree or even change your career field entirely.

Getting an online engineering degree will help to open new doors for you. You can change careers, or advance the one that you’re currently working in. New education and new degrees mean that you will generally gain new responsibilities as well as an increased salary. If engineering is your particular cup of tea, then an online engineering degree program is something that you should check out with an eye to advancing your chosen career path.

What really counts is even if there are stories of employment cutbacks in the field, there are also tales of shortages in other arenas. Those who are obtaining an on campus or online engineering degree will find the field engaging for years to come. Meeting this employment need are scholarships, grants, and college loans to encourage students to get an online IT degree. Considering the long range health and opportunities mechanical engineering presents, those with an aptitude will love the opportunities.

To explore the latest engineering jobs or to learn more about engineering in general, you can visit the Turbo Arm Engineering website.

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Choosing The Conveyors And Chemical Tanks For Your Warehouse Or Professional Distribution Center

Posted by SEO SERVICES in Engineering and Industry on July 4th, 2010

If you are having something like the warehouse or professional distribution center then you may probably have faced the problem with selecting the correct conveyors system. In addition you may face the problem with identifying, developing and purchasing the best material handling system. The key option you should know is when choosing the system, you must be sure that it meets such characteristics as adaptability to changing needs, reliable and requiring minimal maintenance, operational safety, energy efficient and has environment-protective principles, cost effective to operate. Unfortunately nowadays the conveyors are not estimated highly so this is the last elements considered in the process of planning. That?s why during their purchase buyers pay attention not to its value but to the cost.

It?s not a secret that the main requirement for conveyors systems is to transport product between successive steps, and to provide cumulation buffers throughout the process. The latter can also enable ongoing production during downtime or localized backups within the process. So when choosing the conveyors for your system you should check its modularity. It should present pre- modules, engineered sections and components. All of them may be easily combined in order to provide an preliminary customized layout, but at the same time may be easily reconfigured. On the other hand there should be flexibility. The conveyors should satisfy today’s demands, as well as take into consideration future growth requirements. Of course, safety plays an important role here, so you should choose the conveyors with built-in safety features. In order to increase productivity, create a better work for environment, and reduce operator injuries it is better to choose conveyor system with proper ergonomics. And of course it is quite important to choose the reliable conveyor in order to be sure that it will work properly for a long time. That?s why it is quite important to consult at least with the people on the Internet and discuss the performance and reliability of the units.

Having chosen the correct convey, the next thing to be considered is the chemical tanks. It is the special tank to transport, mix and store chemicals. They are normally made of the materials resistant to the stored type of chemicals. Also while designing the tank the following characteristics are taken into consideration: temperature, pressure, erosive and corrosive. The thing is that the material should take all the characteristics of the stored chemicals including cold, heat, vacuum, pressure and the aggressive nature etc. another important thing is venting and overflow control of the chemical tank. The thing is that for such tank it is important to vent the air out as it is quite dangerous if the air contacts any stored chemical.

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Thinking About Recycling The Metal - Find Out How

Posted by SEO SERVICES in Engineering and Industry on July 3rd, 2010

If you have a lot of metal junk and you do not know what to do with it then it would be useful for you to read this article. Here you will find some solutions that might help you a lot.

The first thing you should consider is the melting of the metal with the help of such device as furnace. This is one of the oldest methods known. Fortunately nowadays this method is more sophisticated than it was before. In addition it should be mentioned that today the furnaces are successfully used in a number of industrial applications. That?s why there exist several types of industrial furnaces. The most popular type is aluminum melting furnace. Such elements as Fe, Cl, and Ar facilitate the process of melting aluminum. Of course these furnaces are well equipped with digital controllers and indicators, that?s why one can easily operate them. The next type is brazing furnace. It may be gas fired or electrically heated. When choosing such machine one should pay additional attention to the application intended and the base materials to be brazed. However in the laboratories the specialists use the laboratory furnace. It is rather good for high temperature conditions as well as well insulated. It is also highly equipped with some temperature stabilizing sensors, application software, and computer interface.

However to the best of our knowledge, the most widely used type is rotary furnaces. Though it is mainly used in the foundry industry, it is popular due to its simple operation, space efficient design, low power consumption, low maintenance costs, and minimal melting loss. And the last type is tube furnace which is engineered to heat a tube. It can be either horizontal or vertical. It can easily suite any specific requirements. It is insulated, withstands high temperatures and is resistant to degradation.

But if you are thinking about recycling the hard metals such as aluminum, there is nothing better than can crushers. You may be sure that it will help to save space, time and money. Such crushers may be made of both plastic and metal, but the first one considered to be as environment friendly. They may be either hand and foot ones, but the latter are definitely easier to operate. However they may be divided into several types according to the way it works. Relevantly they may be hydraulic, mechanical, and magnetic. Tough hydraulic can crusher works without any sound or calibrations, the most popular ones are electronic. There are a number of different companies which objective is recycling and they are involved in this niche through the products that they sell. And one of such products is can crusher.

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Introduction To Heat Treatment Of Steel

Posted by SEO SERVICES in Engineering and Industry on June 28th, 2010

Heat treating is the thermal process that improves steel properties such as hardness, toughness and wears resistance. The chemical composition of the steel determines the level of each of these properties and type of heat treating process applied.

Each heat treating process requires a specific temperature and time to process the steel. Steel must be passes through each step of the heat treating process in the correct order to properly change in properties.
In general, steel is provided in the annealed state. This is to facilitate the subsequent machining process. Steel is machined to the required shape and size before sending to a hardening process. The hardness of steel for tooling is usually measured on the Rockwell hardness ?C? scale. Most tooling applications require that the steel be hardened to an RC hardness of 58 or higher in order to provide the required properties. Steel in the annealed condition will measure less than 20 on the Rockwell ?C? scale.

Steel has gone through an annealing process at the producing mill to remove the stresses introduced during the manufacturing of the bar or plate. After the subsequent machining process that machined the steel into a tool, additional stresses will build up in the material. These stresses can cause the tool to crack, chip or bend during the heat treating process or later while in use in the field. As such, stress relieve is introduced to remove the stress during the machining state.

Stress relieving is the process of heating a tool up to the temperature below the critical temperature. Typically the stress relieving temperature will be 1000 to 1250F. Holding the tool at this temperature range for a given time will remove or reduce the amount of stress in the tool.

Prior to the first step in the hardening process, most steels will need to be protected from exposure to oxygen to prevent decarburization. Decarburization is an unwanted loss of carbon during the hardening process. Carbon in the steel is what gives steel its hardness during the hardening process. Loss of carbon during the heating of the steel will cause it to stay soft or not reach its full hardness depending on the amount of carbon lost. Steps must be taken to prevent the exposure of the tool to oxygen. This can be accomplished by a number of methods including a gaseous atmosphere, a neutral or vacuum atmosphere, or stainless foil wrap.
Preheating is the next step in hardening process.

Preheating is the act of heating the tool die to a temperature at or just above the critical temperature and holding it at that temperature long enough for the temperature to equalize throughout the tool. This step provides two benefits to the tool. First, it allows the tool to heat to the austenizing temperature evenly and quickly. This in turn, minimizes the stress produced and provides for an even hardness throughout the tool.

Austenizing is the process where the actual change in hardness occurs. Austenizing is a phase change where the steel arranges the molecules into a useful order. The matrix of the steel is expanded which allows the carbon and other elements to embed into the matrix.

Quenching is the relatively rapid cooling of the steel to a point below its critical temperature. It must pass through this range at a fast enough rates to trap the carbon and other elements within the steel matrix. These trapped or frozen elements are what provide the tool steel with the desired properties such as hardness and wear resistance.

More informatin on tool die making and heat treatment of tool steel, please vist our metal stamping blog.

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What Is Metal Stamping

Posted by SEO SERVICES in Engineering and Industry on June 22nd, 2010

What is metal stamping?

Metal components can be fabricated in a mass volume by a variety processes such as sand casting, metal die casting, machining etc. One of the more economical and common processes used for making sheet metal parts is by metal stamping.

Metal stamping process, which in general involves taking a flat raw metal sheet, cut and form or bend it into the required shape and size. Product such as Mounting brackets, casing, electronic connectors for instance. metal stamping process is the most cost-effective process that permits metal parts to be manufactured at a high production rates. Production speed can be ranging from 40 to 2000 parts per minute.

In a metal stamping process, a sheet of metal stock material in fixed thickness and width is introduced into a stamping press. The stamping press can be either a mechanical or hydraulically driven depend of it process requirement. A stamping tool in two half are mounted on the press machine, the upper part of the tool is so call punch and the lower part is called die. The punch and die will be moving up and down with the press machine ram to cut and form the stock material into the final shape and size.

Press machine can be as small as 10 tons and as large as 800 tons. The mechanical driven press are usually run in a faster speed than the hydraulically driven. The Hydraulic press usually provides heavier tonnage than a mechanical one.

In general, The sheet metal has been cut to the required shape and size by a blanking tool and subsequently transfer to other presses and tools to perform the secondary process such as piercing, forming or bending, the process will be repeated under the final form is achieved.

The whole operation is done by manually loading and unloading, in some cases, robot transfer arms are installed in the production line to replace all manual work, all metal parts are transfer by robot. The tool designed in such, we called it a transfer tool.
Because the single transfer process requires frequent changing of tooling or press machine, it is usually not economical to runs large volume production batch. A progressive tool is introduced to runs the complex component within one single stamping tool and press.
A progressive tool consists of all the operations within a tool, imagine, all single stamping tools are to align in a fix distance within the tool. Each tool is called a station. Raw material in coil form will than introduced into the tool by either a mechanical or electronic control feeder to feed sheet metal in the tool.

The different between a transfer tool and a progressive tool is usually the transfer tools are larger in size, it may requires a few press machines at one time. As for the progressive tool, tooling is smaller in size and runs on only one press machine.

Two location pins in each station locate the metal part precisely to ensure the accuracy of the stamped parts in a progressive tool. The location pin we called it a Pilot pin.

Progressive tool is commonly used in the metal stamping industries.

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